Design analysis of hybrid composite anti-ram bollard subjected to impulsive loadings

Abstract

Series of terrorist attacks in Europe recently using vehicles lead to significant demands to improve the impact resistance of current anti-ram bollards by replacing conventional materials with composite materials. Composite bollards comprised of an outer steel hollow tube, an inner aluminium alloy hollow tube and a crushable foam core, are studied against conventional steel ones. The current design of bollard barrier systems is based on the crash-test certification, which often leads to an overly conservative design with excessively stiff bollards. In addition, the foundation of the bollard system is designed against unnecessarily high reaction forces. In this work, the performance of fixed ..